Introduction
This document describes how to configure and verify the Inter-AS Layer 3 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) VPN, option C feature. A sample network scenario and its configuration and outputs are shown for a better understanding.
本文描述的是根据思科网站一篇配置文档（https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/multiprotocol-label-switching-mpls/mpls/200523-Configuration-and-Verification-of-Layer.html#）修改搭建的一个实验。
环境
- 模拟器：PNET 4.2.10
- Cisco IOL： l3-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M-15.4-2T.bin
配置
网络拓扑
网站原图
搭建的拓扑
拓扑规划
- 每台路由配置环回接口 0 ，格式为 R1： 1.1.1.1/32
- 互联接口为：设备编号1 + 设备编号2 + .1.1 + 设备编号1，例如 R1 e0/0 接口IP地址：12.1.1.1/24
- R7、R8、R9、R10 为 CE，R11 和 R12 为 反射器
- ISP1，ISP2 底层 IGP 运行 OSPF 协议
- A1，A2 的 CE 与 PE 运行 OSPF 协议
- B1，B2 的 CE 与 PE 运行 BGP 协议
配置思路
- 配置 ISP 底层 OSPF IGP ，验证：show ip os nei / show ip route ospf
- 配置 ISP 启用 MPLS LDP，验证：show mpls interface / show mpls ldp discovery
- 配置 PE VRF，配置与 CE 互联接口划分到 VRF，验证：show ip vrf int / show ip route vrf X
- 配置 ISP 的 BGP 邻居，验证：show ip b summ / show ip b vpnv4 all summ
- 配置 RR1 和 RR2 的 MP-eBGP，验证：show ip b vpnv4 all summ
- 配置 CE 和 PE 间的路由协议，验证：show ip route vrf X / show ip os nei / show ip b summ
- 配置 PE 上 双向重分布
配置步骤
配置 IP 地址 （略）
配置 ISP 底层 IGP （以 ISP 1 为例，ISP2 同理）
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19!--- R1 commands.
int ran e 0/0,e0/3,lo0
ip os 100 a 0
!--- R2 commands.
int ran e0/0-1,e0/3,lo0
ip os 100 a 0
!--- R3 commands.
int ran e 0/1,e0/3,lo0
ip os 100 a 0
!--- R11 commands.
int ran e 0/1-3,lo0
ip os 100 a 0验证：查看 OSPF 邻居，查看 OSPF 路由，以 R2 为例
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23!--- R2 output.
R2#sh ip os nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
11.11.11.11 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:39 112.1.1.11 Ethernet0/3
3.3.3.3 1 FULL/DR 00:00:30 23.1.1.3 Ethernet0/1
1.1.1.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:39 12.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0
R2#sh ip route ospf | b Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 1.1.1.1 [110/11] via 12.1.1.1, 02:06:04, Ethernet0/0
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 3.3.3.3 [110/11] via 23.1.1.3, 02:05:54, Ethernet0/1
11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 11.11.11.11 [110/11] via 112.1.1.11, 02:05:54, Ethernet0/3
111.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 111.1.1.0 [110/20] via 12.1.1.1, 02:06:04, Ethernet0/0
113.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 113.1.1.0 [110/20] via 23.1.1.3, 02:05:54, Ethernet0/1
R2#配置 ISP 启用 MPLS LDP （以 ISP 1 为例，ISP2 同理）
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19!--- R1 commands.
int ran e 0/0,e0/3
mpls ip
!--- R2 commands.
int ran e0/0-1,e0/3
mpls ip
!--- R3 commands.
int ran e 0/1,e0/3
mpls ip
!--- R11 commands.
int ran e 0/1-3
mpls ip验证： 查看 LDP 接口和 ldp 会话，以 R2 为例
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20!--- R2 output.
R2#sh mpls interfaces
Interface IP Tunnel BGP Static Operational
Ethernet0/0 Yes (ldp) No No No Yes
Ethernet0/1 Yes (ldp) No No No Yes
Ethernet0/3 Yes (ldp) No No No Yes
R2#sh mpls ldp dis
R2#sh mpls ldp discovery
Local LDP Identifier:
2.2.2.2:0
Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
Ethernet0/0 (ldp): xmit/recv
LDP Id: 1.1.1.1:0
Ethernet0/1 (ldp): xmit/recv
LDP Id: 3.3.3.3:0
Ethernet0/3 (ldp): xmit/recv
LDP Id: 11.11.11.11:0
R2#配置 PE 的 VRF，配置与 CE 互联的接口划分到 VRF
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38!--- R1 commands.
ip vrf a
rd 7:100
route-target export 7:7
route-target import 9:9
ip vrf b
rd 8:100
route-target export 8:8
route-target import 10:10
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip vrf forwarding a
ip address 17.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface Ethernet0/2
ip vrf forwarding b
ip address 18.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
!--- R6 commands.
ip vrf a
rd 9:200
route-target export 9:9
route-target import 7:7
ip vrf b
rd 10:200
route-target export 10:10
route-target import 8:8
interface Ethernet0/1
ip vrf forwarding a
ip address 69.1.1.6 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0/2
ip vrf forwarding b
ip address 106.1.1.6 255.255.255.0验证：查看 VRF 路由表，以 R1 为例
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20!--- R1 output.
R1#sh ip route vrf a | b Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 7.7.7.7 [110/11] via 17.1.1.7, 02:15:47, Ethernet0/1
17.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 17.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L 17.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
R1#
R1#sh ip route vrf b | b Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
8.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 8.8.8.8 [20/0] via 18.1.1.8, 02:16:08
18.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 18.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2
L 18.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2
R1#配置 ISP 的 BGP 邻居
R3 与 R4 配置 IPv4 BGP 邻居，R3 宣告 1.1.1.1 和 11.11.11.11，R4 宣告 6.6.6.6 和 12.12.12.12
将 BGP 路由重分布进底层 OSPF 协议，为了学习到对端 RR 和 PE 路由，建立 MP-BGP 需要
由于底层 OSPF 协议的运行，R3 与 R4 已经学习到这些路由，在建立 eBGP 邻居后能传递到对端
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23!--- R3 commands.
router bgp 100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 1.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
network 11.11.11.11 mask 255.255.255.255
neighbor 34.1.1.4 remote-as 200
neighbor 34.1.1.4 send-label
router ospf 100
redistribute bgp 100 subnets
!--- R4 commands.
router bgp 200
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 6.6.6.6 mask 255.255.255.255
network 12.12.12.12 mask 255.255.255.255
neighbor 34.1.1.3 remote-as 100
neighbor 34.1.1.3 send-label
router ospf 200
redistribute bgp 200 subnets验证：
R3 与 R4 的 eBGP 邻居
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14R3#sh ip b summary
BGP router identifier 3.3.3.3, local AS number 100
BGP table version is 75, main routing table version 75
4 network entries using 560 bytes of memory
4 path entries using 320 bytes of memory
4/4 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 576 bytes of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 1480 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 4/0 prefixes, 36/32 paths, scan interval 60 secs
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
34.1.1.4 4 200 90 90 75 0 0 01:16:45 0R1 的 1.1.1.1 去往 R6 的 6.6.6.6 路由可达，标签路径连续
R11 的 11.11.11.11 去往 R12 的 12.12.12.12 路由可达，标签路径连续
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31R1#ping 6.6.6.6 source 1.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 6.6.6.6, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 6/6/8 ms
R1#traceroute 6.6.6.6 source 1.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 6.6.6.6
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 12.1.1.2 [MPLS: Label 24 Exp 0] 5 msec 6 msec 6 msec
2 23.1.1.3 [MPLS: Label 26 Exp 0] 6 msec 5 msec 6 msec
3 34.1.1.4 [MPLS: Label 27 Exp 0] 7 msec 7 msec 5 msec
4 45.1.1.5 [MPLS: Label 22 Exp 0] 4 msec 5 msec 6 msec
5 56.1.1.6 6 msec * 7 msec
R1#
----------------------------------------------------------
R11#ping 12.12.12.12 source 11.11.11.11
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.12.12.12, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 11.11.11.11
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 3/3/4 ms
R11#trace 12.12.12.12 source 11.11.11.11
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 12.12.12.12
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 113.1.1.3 [MPLS: Label 27 Exp 0] 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 34.1.1.4 [MPLS: Label 25 Exp 0] 3 msec 2 msec 2 msec
3 124.1.1.12 4 msec * 4 msec
R11#关于send-label 命令：
tell the router to send the lables of bgp prefix to its peer，为 BGP 路由传递标签，使用此命令后，对应接口自动配置 mpls bgp forwarding ，但是 no 掉后接口的这行配置并不会自动去掉
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*Mar 4 05:54:10.850: %BGP_LMM-6-AUTOGEN1: The mpls bgp forwarding command has been configured on interface: Ethernet0/0
未配置 send-label 命令前，R3 去往 6.6.6.6 的标签 是空标签，R3 的动作是弹出所有标签，标签中断。
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22R3#sh mpls forwarding-table 6.6.6.6
Local Outgoing Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing Next Hop
Label Label or Tunnel Id Switched interface
26 No Label 6.6.6.6/32 0 Et0/0 34.1.1.4
R3#sh ip b la
R3#sh ip b labels
Network Next Hop In label/Out label
1.1.1.1/32 23.1.1.2 nolabel/nolabel
6.6.6.6/32 34.1.1.4 nolabel/nolabel
11.11.11.11/32 113.1.1.11 nolabel/nolabel
12.12.12.12/32 34.1.1.4 nolabel/nolabel
R3#sh ip b 6.6.6.6
BGP routing table entry for 6.6.6.6/32, version 66
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table default)
Not advertised to any peer
Refresh Epoch 1
200
34.1.1.4 from 34.1.1.4 (4.4.4.4)
Origin IGP, metric 21, localpref 100, valid, external, best
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
R3#配置 send-label 命令后，分配 27 标签
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31R3#sh mpls forwarding-table 6.6.6.6
Local Outgoing Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing Next Hop
Label Label or Tunnel Id Switched interface
26 27 6.6.6.6/32 0 Et0/0 34.1.1.4
R3#sh ip b labels
Network Next Hop In label/Out label
1.1.1.1/32 23.1.1.2 21/nolabel
6.6.6.6/32 34.1.1.4 nolabel/27
11.11.11.11/32 113.1.1.11 25/nolabel
12.12.12.12/32 34.1.1.4 nolabel/25
R3#sh ip b 6.6.6.6
BGP routing table entry for 6.6.6.6/32, version 56
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table default)
Not advertised to any peer
Refresh Epoch 1
200
34.1.1.4 from 34.1.1.4 (4.4.4.4)
Origin IGP, metric 21, localpref 100, valid, external, best
mpls labels in/out nolabel/27
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
# 在 R4 上查看到关于去往6.6.6.6 的 入向标签 27
R4#sh ip bgp labels
Network Next Hop In label/Out label
1.1.1.1/32 34.1.1.3 nolabel/21
6.6.6.6/32 45.1.1.5 27/nolabel
11.11.11.11/32 34.1.1.3 nolabel/25
12.12.12.12/32 124.1.1.12 25/nolabel
R4#R1 与 R11 配置 BGP VPNV4 邻居
注意：R3 与 R11 不建立 BGP 邻居
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21!--- R1 commands.
router bgp 100
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
neighbor 11.11.11.11 remote-as 100
neighbor 11.11.11.11 update-source Loopback0
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 11.11.11.11 activate
!--- R11 commands.
router bgp 100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 100
neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 1.1.1.1 activate
neighbor 1.1.1.1 route-reflector-clientR6 与 R12 配置 BGP VPNV4 邻居
注意：R4 与 R12 不建立 BGP 邻居
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20!--- R6 commands.
router bgp 200
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
neighbor 12.12.12.12 remote-as 200
neighbor 12.12.12.12 update-source Loopback0
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 12.12.12.12 activate
!--- R12 commands.
router bgp 200
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
neighbor 6.6.6.6 remote-as 200
neighbor 6.6.6.6 update-source Loopback0
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 6.6.6.6 activate
neighbor 6.6.6.6 route-reflector-client验证：VPNV4 邻居
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sh ip b vpnv4 all summary
R11 与 R12 建立 MP-eBGP 邻居
设置 eBGP 多跳。不是物理直连的 eBGP 邻居
设置下一跳不改变。R11 与 R12 建立 MP-eBGP 邻居，传递路由时默认下一跳改变成自身，这样 ISP 两侧的流量互通都流经反射器不合理，设置下一跳不改变后，R1 上去往 ISP2 CE 的路由下一跳看到的是 R6 的 6.6.6.6 ，最后再在两个 ISP 内部控制底层 IGP 的路径，使得流量不经过反射器。
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21!--- R11 commands.
router bgp 100
neighbor 12.12.12.12 remote-as 200
neighbor 12.12.12.12 ebgp-multihop 255
neighbor 12.12.12.12 update-source Loopback0
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 12.12.12.12 activate
neighbor 12.12.12.12 next-hop-unchanged
!--- R12 commands.
router bgp 200
neighbor 11.11.11.11 remote-as 100
neighbor 11.11.11.11 ebgp-multihop 255
neighbor 11.11.11.11 update-source Loopback0
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 11.11.11.11 activate
neighbor 11.11.11.11 next-hop-unchanged验证：查看 R11 上的 BGP 邻居
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17R11#sh ip b vpnv4 all summary
BGP router identifier 11.11.11.11, local AS number 100
BGP table version is 67, main routing table version 67
6 network entries using 912 bytes of memory
6 path entries using 480 bytes of memory
5/5 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 760 bytes of memory
3 BGP AS-PATH entries using 72 bytes of memory
4 BGP extended community entries using 128 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 2352 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 6/0 prefixes, 6/0 paths, scan interval 60 secs
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
1.1.1.1 4 100 127 151 67 0 0 01:50:57 3
12.12.12.12 4 200 190 185 67 0 0 01:50:16 3
R11#配置 CE 和 PE 间的路由协议
以 R7，R8，R1 为例， R9，R10，R6 同理
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20!--- R7 commands.
int ran e 0/0,lo0
ip os 7 a 0
!--- R8 commands.
router bgp 300
network 8.8.8.8 mask 255.255.255.255
neighbor 18.1.1.1 remote-as 100
!--- R1 commands.
router ospf 1 vrf a
router-id 1.1.1.17
network 17.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
router bgp 100
address-family ipv4 vrf b
neighbor 18.1.1.8 remote-as 300验证：
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show ip route ospf
show ip route vrf a
show ip route vrf b
sh ip b summary配置 PE 上 双向重分布
以 R1 为例，只需在 VRF a
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10!--- R1 commands.
# 只需在 vrf a 和 BGP ipv4 vrf a 视图下配置重分布
# R8 - R1 之间运行的是 BGP ，在 BGP ipv4 vrf b 视图下建立邻居即可
router ospf 1 vrf a
redistribute bgp 100 subnets
router bgp 100
address-family ipv4 vrf a
redistribute ospf 1优化ISP 内部 OSPF 下一跳
查看 R1 路由表发现，去往 9.9.9.9 下一跳是 6.6.6.6
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28R1#sh ip b vpnv4 vrf a
BGP table version is 166, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, f RT-Filter,
x best-external, a additional-path, c RIB-compressed,
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 7:100 (default for vrf a)
*> 7.7.7.7/32 17.1.1.7 11 32768 ?
*>i 9.9.9.9/32 6.6.6.6 0 100 0 200 ?
*> 17.1.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
*>i 69.1.1.0/24 6.6.6.6 0 100 0 200 ?
R1#
R1#sh ip route vrf a | b Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 7.7.7.7 [110/11] via 17.1.1.7, 04:21:39, Ethernet0/1
9.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 9.9.9.9 [200/0] via 6.6.6.6, 03:10:42
17.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 17.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L 17.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
69.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 69.1.1.0 [200/0] via 6.6.6.6, 03:10:42
R1#再查找，去往 6.6.6.6 前缀有两条路径，管理和开销都一致，负载均衡？
这条路由是 R3 BGP 重分布进底层 IGP OSPF 而学习到的，有两条路径，管理距离110，metric 1 ，这时候需要比较forwarding metric，很不巧的是forwarding metric 也是一样，这样去往 6.6.6.6 就真负载均衡。forwarding metric 是本地到 ASBR 的 开销，修改 R11 e0/1-3 的开销。同理也需要修改 R12 的接口开销。
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2O E2 12.12.12.12/32 [110/1] via 111.1.1.11, 01:37:27, Ethernet0/3
[110/1] via 12.1.1.2, 03:15:27, Ethernet0/01
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29R1#sh ip route | b Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 12.1.1.2, 04:26:59, Ethernet0/0
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 111.1.1.11, 01:37:27, Ethernet0/3
[110/21] via 12.1.1.2, 04:26:49, Ethernet0/0
6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 6.6.6.6 [110/1] via 111.1.1.11, 01:37:27, Ethernet0/3
[110/1] via 12.1.1.2, 03:15:27, Ethernet0/0
……
R1#
R1#sh ip route 6.6.6.6
Routing entry for 6.6.6.6/32
Known via "ospf 100", distance 110, metric 1
Tag 200, type extern 2, forward metric 20
Last update from 12.1.1.2 on Ethernet0/0, 00:00:51 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 111.1.1.11, from 3.3.3.3, 00:31:15 ago, via Ethernet0/3
Route metric is 1, traffic share count is 1
Route tag 200
12.1.1.2, from 3.3.3.3, 00:00:51 ago, via Ethernet0/0
Route metric is 1, traffic share count is 1
Route tag 200
R1#1
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7# 修改 R11 R12 的接口开销
R11(config)#int ran e 0/1-/3
R11(config-if-range)#ip ospf cost 1000
R12(config-if)#int ran e 0/1-0/3
R12(config-if-range)#ip ospf cost 10001
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21# 修改 R11 R12 的接口开销后
R1#sh ip route 6.6.6.6
Routing entry for 6.6.6.6/32
Known via "ospf 100", distance 110, metric 1
Tag 200, type extern 2, forward metric 20
Last update from 12.1.1.2 on Ethernet0/0, 00:08:51 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 12.1.1.2, from 3.3.3.3, 00:08:51 ago, via Ethernet0/0
Route metric is 1, traffic share count is 1
Route tag 200
R1#
R6#sh ip rou 1.1.1.1
Routing entry for 1.1.1.1/32
Known via "ospf 200", distance 110, metric 1
Tag 100, type extern 2, forward metric 20
Last update from 56.1.1.5 on Ethernet0/0, 00:02:30 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 56.1.1.5, from 4.4.4.4, 00:39:02 ago, via Ethernet0/0
Route metric is 1, traffic share count is 1
Route tag 100
R6#
测试
R7 和 R9 之间的 ping 操作
1 | R7#ping 9.9.9.9 source 7.7.7.7 |
R8 和 R10 之间的 ping 操作
1 | R8#ping 10.10.10.10 source 8.8.8.8 |
R7 和 R9 之间的 Traceroute 操作
1 | R7#traceroute 9.9.9.9 source 7.7.7.7 |
R8 和 R10 之间的 Traceroute 操作
1 | R8#traceroute 10.10.10.10 source 8.8.8.8 |
一个视频
最后
- 文中可能有些配置未提及或内容术语表述的不规范，请见谅。
- 配置存阿里云盘了，这是链接：[分享的文件]
- 欢迎“
来电”来函探讨。
