BGP综合实验拓扑

 Feb 25th 22  PNETLab 11 minutes read (About 1689 words)
This is an article that was created 1000 days ago, and the information may have evolved or changed.

在B站看了一个UP主（155和150）上传的视频，感觉挺有意思的，就搭拓扑玩一玩。现在这个视频已经不见了，视频里使用的eNSP模拟器搭建的，我用PNET搭建，模拟器类型不关键。已经删减了一些内容，并加了一些实验需求。

实验主要涉及到的BGP技术的运用，包括有BGP邻居建立、路由加载、路由传递、BGP联盟、路由聚合、路由拆分、团体属性、路由选路、正则表达式、路由过滤、BGP特性、路由阻尼等。

拓扑如图：

实验需求

BGP邻居建立

  1. eBGP之间使用接口建立(联盟内部子AS eBGP除外)，iBGP使用环回接口Lo0建立
  2. R2、R7、R9使用对等体组方式配置
  3. R4、R7、R9为路由反射器

BGP路由加载

  1. R5将ISIS重分布进BGP，R6、R7、R8将ISIS重分布进BGP

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    R5
    router bgp 64100
     redistribute isis level-1

    R6、R7、R8
    router bgp 64200
     redistribute isis level-2

  2. R5能够正常接收到100.1.1.X的路由，R4不能使用next-hop-self

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    R4
    route-map SET_NH permit 10
     set ip next-hop 120.1.4.4
    router bgp 64100
     neighbor iBGP route-map SET_NH out

BGP路由传递

  1. 100.1.1.x之间可以通信

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    R3
    neighbor 200.1.103.10 as-override
    R6
    neighbor 200.1.116.11 as-override
    R7
    neighbor 200.1.127.12 as-override

  2. R3、R6、R7针对AS 64520移除私有AS号

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    R3
    router bgp 64100
     neighbor 200.1.103.10 remove-private-as all replace-as
    R6
    router bgp 64200
     neighbor 200.1.116.11 remove-private-as all replace-as
    R7
    router bgp 64200
     neighbor 200.1.127.12 remove-private-as all replace-as

  3. AS 64540 内部联邦配置

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    R11
    router bgp 64530
     bgp log-neighbor-changes
     bgp confederation identifier 64540
     bgp confederation peers 64531 
     neighbor 100.1.1.12 remote-as 64531
     neighbor 100.1.1.12 disable-connected-check
     neighbor 100.1.1.12 update-source Loopback0
     neighbor 100.1.1.12 next-hop-self
     neighbor 200.1.116.6 remote-as 64200
     
    R12
    router bgp 64531
     bgp log-neighbor-changes
     bgp confederation identifier 64540
     bgp confederation peers 64530 
     redistribute eigrp 90
     neighbor 100.1.1.11 remote-as 64530
     neighbor 100.1.1.11 disable-connected-check
     neighbor 100.1.1.11 update-source Loopback0
     neighbor 100.1.1.11 next-hop-self
     neighbor 100.1.1.13 remote-as 64531
     neighbor 100.1.1.13 update-source Loopback0
     neighbor 100.1.1.13 next-hop-self
     neighbor 200.1.127.7 remote-as 64200
     
    R13
    router bgp 64531
     bgp log-neighbor-changes
     bgp confederation identifier 64540
     network 111.1.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0
     network 111.1.3.0 mask 255.255.255.0
     aggregate-address 111.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 as-set summary-only
     neighbor 100.1.1.12 remote-as 64531
     neighbor 100.1.1.12 update-source Loopback0

BGP路由聚合、路由拆分

  1. R5、R6、R7、R8对AS内的互联地址与主机路由汇总为子网掩码为16位的聚合路由（例如：120.1.0.0/16），并防止路由回愦

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    R5
    router bgp 64100
     aggregate-address 123.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 as-set summary-only
     aggregate-address 120.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 as-set summary-only
    R6、R7、R8
    router bgp 64200
     aggregate-address 145.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 as-set summary-only
     aggregate-address 140.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 as-set summary-only

  2. R5的汇总主机路由，不抑制120.1.4.4/32和 120.1.5.5/32

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    R5
    ip prefix-list UNSUPPRESS seq 5 permit 120.1.4.4/32
    ip prefix-list UNSUPPRESS seq 10 permit 120.1.5.5/32

    route-map UNSUPPRESS permit 10
     match ip address prefix-list UNSUPPRESS

    router bgp 64100
     neighbor 120.1.4.4 unsuppress-map UNSUPPRESS

  3. R6、R7、R8的汇总主机路由，仅抑制145.1.9.9/32 ，并调整聚合路由起源属性为 igp

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    R6、R7、R8
    ip prefix-list SUPPRESS seq 5 permit 140.1.9.9/32

    route-map SUPPRESS permit 10
     match ip address prefix-list SUPPRESS
    route-map SET_IGP permit 10
     set origin igp

    router bgp 64200
     aggregate-address 140.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 as-set summary-only attribute-map SET_IGP suppress-map SUPPRESS

  4. R1去往111.1.0.0/24和111.1.1.0/24下一跳走R5；R2去往111.1.2.0/24和111.1.3.0/24下一跳走R8

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    R1
    ip prefix-list SOURCE_AS64100 seq 5 permit 200.1.15.5/32
    ip prefix-list huizong seq 5 permit 111.1.0.0/16
    ip prefix-list mingxi seq 5 permit 111.1.0.0/24
    ip prefix-list mingxi seq 10 permit 111.1.1.0/24

    route-map mingxi permit 10
     set ip address prefix-list mingxi
     set community no-export

    route-map huizong permit 10
     match ip address prefix-list huizong
     match ip route-source prefix-list SOURCE_AS64100
     
    router bgp 64520
     bgp inject-map mingxi exist-map huizong copy-attributes

    R2
    ip prefix-list SOURCE_AS64200 seq 5 permit 200.1.28.8/32
    ip prefix-list huizong seq 5 permit 111.1.0.0/16
    ip prefix-list mingxi seq 5 permit 111.1.2.0/24
    ip prefix-list mingxi seq 10 permit 111.1.3.0/24

    route-map mingxi permit 10
     set ip address prefix-list mingxi
     set community no-export
    route-map huizong permit 10
     match ip address prefix-list huizong
     match ip route-source prefix-list SOURCE_AS64200
     
    router bgp 64520
     bgp inject-map mingxi exist-map huizong copy-attributes

BGP选路(MED、AS-Path、Local-Pref)

  1. R8上配置，实现AS 64200访问 120.1.X.X，X为偶数，走R4和R8互联链路；X为奇数，走R3和R6互联链路

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    R8
    access-list 10 permit 120.1.0.0 0.0.254.254
    access-list 20 permit 120.1.1.1 0.0.254.254

    route-map SET_LP permit 10
     match ip address 10
     set local-preference 120
    route-map SET_LP permit 20
     match ip address 20
     set local-preference 99
    route-map SET_LP permit 30

    router bgp 64200
     neighbor 200.1.48.4 route-map SET_LP in

  2. R6、R8上配置，实现AS 64100 访问 140.1.X.X/32，X为偶数，走R4和R8互联链路；X为奇数，走R3和R6互联链路

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    R6
    access-list 30 permit 140.1.0.0 0.0.254.254
    access-list 40 permit 140.1.1.1 0.0.254.254

    route-map SET_MED permit 10
     match ip address 30
     set metric 200
    route-map SET_MED permit 20
     match ip address 40
     set metric 100
    route-map SET_MED permit 30

    router bgp 64200
     neighbor 200.1.36.3 route-map SET_MED out

    R8
    access-list 30 permit 140.1.0.0 0.0.254.254
    access-list 40 permit 140.1.1.1 0.0.254.254

    route-map SET_MED permit 10
     match ip address 30
     set metric 100
    route-map SET_MED permit 20
     match ip address 40
     set metric 200
    route-map SET_MED permit 30

    router bgp 64200
     neighbor 200.1.48.4 route-map SET_MED out

  3. R1上对起始于AS 64540的任意前缀，AS 64520总是通过R2转发（路由拆分的明细条目除外）

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    配置 ip as-path列表，匹配AS 64540 开头的路径路由条目，route-map 设置追加AS号使路径变长
    R1
    ip as-path access-list 100 permit _64540$

    route-map AS_PREPEND permit 10
     match as-path 100
     set as-path prepend last-as 3
     
    router bgp 64520
     neighbor 200.1.15.5 route-map AS_PREPEND in

BGP路由过滤

  1. R6、R7仅通告 200.1.XY.0/24 与 100.1.1.X/32的路由到 R11、R12

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    route-map 设置匹配，向R11，R12通告路由进行过滤
    R6
    ip prefix-list ADV_TO_64540 seq 5 permit 200.1.0.0/16 le 24
    ip prefix-list ADV_TO_64540 seq 10 permit 100.1.1.0/24 le 32

    route-map ADV_TO_64540 permit 10
     match ip address prefix-list ADV_TO_64540
     
    router bgp 64200
     neighbor 200.1.116.11 route-map ADV_TO_64540 out
     
    R7
    ip prefix-list ADV_TO_64540 seq 5 permit 200.1.0.0/16 le 24
    ip prefix-list ADV_TO_64540 seq 10 permit 100.1.1.0/24 le 32

    route-map ADV_TO_64540 permit 10
     match ip address prefix-list ADV_TO_64540
     
    router bgp 64200
     neighbor 200.1.127.12 route-map ADV_TO_64540 out

  2. R3、R10上配置ORF，使AS 64100仅通告 200.1.XY.0/24 与 100.1.1.X/32的前缀到R10

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    通过向对等体通告ORF能力可以激活这一feature。表示接受从对等体来的，前缀列表，并把这个前缀列表应用到针对对等体的出站方向。
    R10
    ip prefix-list FROM_64100 seq 5 permit 200.1.0.0/16 le 24
    ip prefix-list FROM_64100 seq 10 permit 100.1.1.0/24 le 32

    router bgp 64540
     neighbor 200.1.103.3 capability orf prefix-list send
     neighbor 200.1.103.3 prefix-list FROM_64100 in
     
    R3
    router bgp 64100
     neighbor 200.1.103.10 capability orf prefix-list receive

BGP 特性

  1. AS 64520 不作为传输型AS 不能使用BGP路由过滤

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    no-export团体属性
    R1
    route-map SET_COMM permit 10
     set community no-export
     
    router bgp 64520
     neighbor 10.1.2.2 send-community
     neighbor 10.1.2.2 route-map SET_COMM out
     
    R2
    route-map SET_COMM permit 10
     set community no-export
     
    router bgp 64520
     neighbor 10.1.1.1 send-community
     neighbor 10.1.1.1 route-map SET_COMM out

  2. R1与R2之间的iBGP邻居启用MD5认证，密码为cisco

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    R1
    neighbor 10.1.1.1 password cisco

    R2
    neighbor 10.1.2.2 password cisco

  3. R3上配置，若100.1.1.10/32不稳定，震荡2次抑制传递，并在5min后自动恢复

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    配置BGP路由惩罚
    R3
    ip prefix-list DAMPENING seq 5 permit 100.1.1.10/32

    route-map DAMPENING permit 10
     match ip address prefix-list DAMPENING
     set dampening 4 750 2000 16
     
    router bgp 64100
     bgp dampening route-map DAMPENING

  4. R1上配置，若100.1.1.10路由条目存在，通告默认路由到R2

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    R1
    ip prefix-list EXIST_10 seq 5 permit 100.1.1.10/32

    route-map DEFAULT_CONDITION permit 10
     match ip address prefix-list EXIST_10
     set community no-export
     
    router bgp 64520
     neighbor 10.1.2.2 default-originate route-map DEFAULT_CONDITION

Ending

  • 文中可能有些配置未提及或内容术语表述的不规范，请见谅。
  • 配置存阿里云盘了，这是链接：[分享的文件]
  • 欢迎“来电”来函探讨。
#Network Emulator #PNETLab #Cisco #BGP
IPv6 各隧道Tunnel使用Lab 来自非网管交换机的教训
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